Abrasion
Abrasion is wearing away of tooth substance by mechanical means such as grinding which can cause permanent loss of tooth structure.

Abscess
A tooth abscess typically originates from dead pulp tissue, usually caused by untreated tooth decay, cracked teeth or extensive periodontal disease.

Abutment
Abutment is a natural tooth or implanted tooth substitute used to support and/or anchor a dental prosthesis.

Alveolar Process
Is the bony portion of the upper and lower jaw where the teeth are embedded and by which tooth roots are supported.

Amalgam
Amalgam is any of various alloys of mercury with other metals, as with silver or tin, used for filling teeth, known as a silver filling.

Analgesia
Analgesia is the loss of sensation of pain that results from an interruption in the nervous system pathway between sense organ and brain.

Anaesthesia
 The condition of having the feeling of pain and other sensations blocked. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience.

Anterior Teeth
Anterior teeth are the six upper and lower front teeth.

Antibiotic
Antibiotic is a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other micro-organisms.

Aspirator
Aspirator is an apparatus for removing fluid from a body cavity, consisting usually of a hollow needle and a cannula, connected by tubing to a container in which a vacuum is created by a syringe or a suction pump.

Bleaching
Bleaching is the act or process of whitening, by removing color or stains.

Bonding
Dental bonding is a procedure in which a tooth-colored resin material (a durable plastic material) is applied and hardened with a special light, which ultimately "bonds" the material to the tooth to restore or improve person's smile.

Bruxism
Bruxism is the habitual involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, usually during sleep, as from anger, tension, fear, or frustration.

Bridge
Bridge is a fixed or removable replacement for one or several but not all of the natural teeth, usually anchored at each end to a natural tooth.

Calculus
Calculus is the hard residue, ranging from yellow to brown, forming on teeth when oral hygiene is incomplete or improper.

Cap
Cap is a synonym for "crown".

Caries
Dental caries is an infectious disease which damages the structures of teeth.[1] Tooth decay or cavities are consequences of caries. If left untreated, the disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, infection, and, in severe cases, death of the tooth.

Cavity
Cavities are a pitted area in a tooth caused by caries.

Crown
 A dental crown is a tooth-shaped "cap" that is placed over a tooth, covering the tooth to restore its shape and size, strength, and/or to improve its appearance.


Deciduous Teeth
Primary teeth are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals.

Denture
Dentures are a partial or complete set of artificial teeth for either the upper or lower jaw. Also called dental plate.

Diastema
Diastema is a gap or space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch.

Enamel
Enamel is the hard, white substance that covers the crown of a tooth.

Endodontist
Endodontist is a dentist who specializes in the treatment of diseases and injuries that affect the tooth root, dental pulp, and the tissues surrounding the tooth root. 

Eruption
Eruption is the emergence of a tooth through the gums.


Extraction
Extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket.

Fluoride
Fluoride is a mineral found in food, water, plants and toothpaste. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste and drinking fluoridated water helps to protect teeth against decay

Filling
Fillings are materials, such as amalgam, gold, or a synthetic resin, used to fill a cavity in a tooth.

General Anesthesia
Is a state of total unconsciousness resulting from general anaesthetic drugs.  A variety of drugs are given to the patients that have different effects with the overall aim of ensuring unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia and paralysis.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness and swelling.

Halimeter
Halimeters test for levels of sulfur emissions (specifically, hydrogen sulfide) in the mouth air.

Halitosis
Halitosis is the condition of having foul-smelling breath.

Heat Sterilization
Refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, prions and spore forms etc.) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium

Hygienist
Hygienist is a person trained and licensed to provide preventive dental services, such as cleaning the teeth, usually in conjunction with a dentist.

Impacted Tooth
An impacted tooth is any tooth that is prevented from reaching its normal position in the mouth by tissue, bone, or another tooth.

Implant
Implants are artificial teeth that are anchored in the gums or jawbone to replace a missing tooth.

Inlay
Inlays are solid fillings, as of gold or porcelain, fitted to a cavity in a tooth and cemented into place.

Local Anesthesia
Local anesthesia is a regional anesthesia produced by direct infiltration of local anesthetic solution into the surgical site. Also called infiltration anesthesia.

Molars
Molars are the teeth with broad surfaces at the back of the mouth that serve to grind food.  Adults have twelve molars � six on the top and six on the bottom.

Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous oxide is a colorless sweet-tasting gas used as a mild anesthetic in dentistry and surgery.

Onlay
An onlay is a cast restoration, usually made of gold, that is attached to the occlusal surface of a tooth.

Oral Surgery
Oral surgery is the branch of dentistry concerned with the surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries, and deformities of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Orthodontics
Orthodontics is the dental specialty and practice of preventing and correcting irregularities of the teeth, as by the use of braces. Also called orthodontia.

Orthodontist
An orthodontist a person who specializes in orthodontics.

Palate
The palate is the bony and muscular partition between the oral and nasal cavities; the roof of the mouth.

Partial Denture
Partial dentures are removable or fixed dental prosthesis that restores one or more, but less than all, of the natural teeth or associated parts and is supported by the teeth or the soft tissue. Also called bridgework.

Pediatric Dentistry
Pediatric dentistry is the dental specialty which focuses on the treatment of children.

Plaque
Plaque is a film of mucus and bacteria on a tooth surface. Also called bacterial plaque.

Prophylaxis
Prophylaxis is the prevention of or protective treatment for disease.

Prosthodontics
Prosthodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with the replacement of missing teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices.

Retainer
A retainer is an appliance used to hold teeth in position after orthodontic treatment.

Root Canal
A root canal is the chamber of the dental pulp lying within the root portion of a tooth. Also called pulp canal.

Root Resection
Root resection is the surgical removal of a dental root apex. Also called root resection.

Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is apnea caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep, associated with frequent awakening and often with daytime sleepiness.

Tartar
Tartar is the calcareous deposits of organic and mineral matter on the teeth.

Ultrasonic Cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning is a method used to clean debris  from surfaces by immersion in a solvent in which ultrasonic vibrations are excited.

Veneers
Veneers are a layer of tooth-colored material, usually porcelain or acrylic resin, attached to and covering the surface of a metal crown or natural tooth structure.

Wisdom Teeth
Wisdom teeth are the third molars that usually appear between the ages of 16 and 24. They are commonly extracted when they affect other teeth—this impaction is colloquially known as "coming in sideways."